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一 |     Pope Francis’s July 24-29 tour of Canada included a long-overdue apology to Native Canadians for the Catholic Church’s central role in abuses perpetrated at the country’s network of residential schools.,The notorious boarding school system was funded and organized by Canada’s federal government and run by Catholic and Protestant churches. It oversaw the forceful and systematic assimilation, abuse, enslavement and even murder of Native Canadian boys and girls from the mid-19th to late 20th centuries. It was a particularly brutal and cruel, but by no means first or only, tool of oppression experienced by indigenous peoples during the European colonialists’ history in North America.,“I am here because the first step of my penitential pilgrimage among you is that of again asking forgiveness, of telling you once more that I am deeply sorry. Sorry for the ways in which, regrettably, many Christians supported the colonizing mentality of the powers that oppressed the indigenous peoples. I am sorry. I ask for forgiveness, in particular, for the ways in which many members of the Church and of religious communities cooperated, not least through their indifference, in projects of cultural destruction and forced assimilation promoted by the governments of that time, which culminated in the system of residential schools,” Francis said at the former site of the Ermineskin Residential School in Maskwacis, Alberta on July 25.,The pope assured his apology was “only the first step” of “a serious investigation into the facts of what took place in the past and to assist the survivors of the residential schools to experience healing from the traumas they suffered.”,Pope Francis Holds Mass in Quebec During Visit to Canada to Apologize to Indigenous Community28 July, 13:01 GMT,Assimilation,More than 150,000 Native children passed through the residential school system over its 160+ year history. Children were prohibited, often by physical punishment, from speaking their native languages, having their ancestors’ religious concepts replaced with Christianity, and facing their cultural traditions and social norms substituted for those of the colonialists.,The first experimental residential school was opened in Brantford, Ontario, in 1833, but the system only became a federally-mandated, national, industrial-scale tool of subjugation in the 1880s after Sir John A Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister, ordered the commissioning of a report on the residential school system model being operated in the United States.,The report, entitled ‘Industrial Schools for Indians and Half-Breeds’, became the basis for Canadian state-church cooperation in solving the Indian “problem” by removing indigenous children from the influences passed down to them by their communities and family units.,© WikipediaIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest TerritoriesIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest Territories© Wikipedia,Along with forced assimilation, students were subjected to other forms of torment, including sexual abuse by priests and teachers, forced labor, and slavery. As of 2021, the National Center for Truth and Reconciliation has been able to identify 4,117 documented deaths of First Nations, Inuit and Metis children in residential schools. However, new graves continue to be discovered, and former Truth and Reconciliation Commissioner Murray Sinclair estimates that more than 6,000 children may have died in the residential school system over the period of its operation.,In his bombshell 2016 book “Murder by Decree: the Crime of Genocide in Canada,” writer and former United Church of Canada reverend Kevin Annett challenged the NCTR over its conservative estimates on the residential school deaths, detailing the commission’s suppression of eyewitness testimony and archival documentation, and estimating that the true death toll may have run in the tens of thousands. Annett documented how the system included a monthly “death quota” and involved the use of germ warfare, and believes that as many as 50,000 children may have perished in the residential school network.,Exploitation,Residential schools were by no means the first instance of settlers’ mistreatment of Canada’s indigenous population, with Britain’s victory against the French in the North American theater of the Seven Years’ War of 1754-1763 sealing their fate of subjugation and colonial land grabs, as well as the relentless and cynical exploitation of the most loyal tribes.,At the conclusion of the war in 1763, King George III issued a royal proclamation declaring all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and the colonies of what would ultimately become the early United States as Native territories, outlawing their settlement or purchase by colonialists, and requiring treaty negotiations for any changes to the arrangement. In Canada –organized from the remnants of New France under the name ‘Quebec’, lands to the west and north of the colony were proclaimed Indian territory.,Centuries later, scholars continue to fiercely debate the correct interpretation of the proclamation, and whether it was meant as a permanent guarantee of Native rights to lands beyond the then-existent colonies, or a mere opportunity for colonists to catch their breath before continuing an aggressive push west.,© Photo"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)© Photo,Even as colonists repeatedly broke the 1763 treaty’s terms throughout the rest of the 18th and 19th centuries through wars of aggression and by taking advantage of divisions within Native tribes through cunning and trickery, many Natives remained loyal to the Crown.,Perhaps nowhere was this better exemplified than in the story of Joseph Brant, an 18th-century Mohawk military and political leader who led his warriors in defense of the British Empire during the American Revolutionary War of 1775-1783, and whose efforts proved decisive in halting an American advance into what is now Canada.,In return for the loyalty shown by Brant and his fellow Mohawks, Quebec Governor Sir Frederick Haldimand promised that after the war, his people would be granted more than 8,090 square km of land around the Grand River Basin in southern Ontario. However, after the war ended in 1783, the settlers would gradually chip away at their commitments, with the Native-administered area now known as the Six Nations Reserve shrinking to just 183 square km of land, two percent of what Brant was originally promised.,Brant’s story was repeated in one form or another throughout the 19th century, and today just 0.36 percent of Canada’s total landmass has reserve status for its Native communities.,© Wikipedia / National Archives of CanadaJoseph Brant, watercolour by William ArmstrongJoseph Brant, watercolour by William Armstrong© Wikipedia / National Archives of Canada,Discrimination,Notwithstanding decades of recognition by successive governments of the historical injustices done to indigenous people, and lip service to improving their social and economic standing, Canada’s community of 1.67 million Natives continues to struggle with a broad spectrum of problems more typically characterizing countries of the so-called Third World than of a thriving, highly developed First World nation.,The Council of Canadians estimates that some 73 percent of First Nations’ water systems are at medium or high risk of contamination, with dozens of indigenous communities still lacking basic access to clean drinking water, despite billions of dollars in aid doled out by Ottawa every year to developing countries, and over a billion dollars in support sent to Kiev this year amid the Ukrainian security crisis.,Along almost every social indicator, from poverty and access to housing to crime, education, and healthcare, Native communities continue to rank below other Canadians. Nowhere is this exemplified better than in average life expectancy. While other Canadian men and women live on average to an age of 79 and 84 years, respectively, among the First Nations, Metis and Inuit, these figures drop to 72.5 for men and 77.7 for women.。

二 |     杭州市公安局交管支队最新提醒：G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）将进行集约化养护施工，施工期间，相关道路交通组织措施将有调整。杭州市公安局交通管理支队杭州市交通运输行政执法队关于G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）集约化养护施工期间临时调整交通组织措施的通告因G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）集约化养护施工需要，根据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》《中华人民共和国公路法》等法律规定，决定在施工期间调整相关道路交通组织措施。现将有关事项通告如下：G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽），于2026年8月23日至31日每日21时30分至次日6时30分，分时分段实施夜间单向中断交通的集约化养护施工（详见附件）。因天气等原因无法开展施工作业的，工期将自然顺延。请广大驾驶人自觉遵守本通告规定，提前规划出行路线，严格按照施工影响路段交通标志指示通行，并服从现场管理人员指挥。特此通告。附件：1.G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）施工计划表2.G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）分段施工示意图3.G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）封闭施工期间临时交通组织措施4.G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）封闭施工期间车辆绕行方案杭州市公安局交通管理支队杭州市交通运输行政执法队2026年8月18日附件1G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）施工计划表附件2G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）分段施工示意图附件3G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路（留下枢纽—汪家埠枢纽）集约化养护施工期间临时交通组织措施一、杭瑞（杭徽）高速安徽方向留下枢纽往余杭互通段单向断流施工期间，G2504杭州绕城高速公路留下枢纽双向转G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路安徽方向匝道封闭。

三 | G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路杭州西收费站入口关闭。G2504杭州绕城高速公路三墩收费站下行（三墩往留下枢纽）方向入口，龙坞、转塘收费站上行（转塘往留下枢纽）方向入口视情关闭。二、杭瑞（杭徽）高速杭州方向余杭互通往留下枢纽段单向断流施工期间，G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路余杭互通杭州方向主线封闭。

四 | G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路余杭收费站杭州方向入口关闭。九峰、青山湖收费站往杭州方向入口视情关闭。三、杭瑞（杭徽）高速杭州方向汪家埠枢纽往余杭互通段单向断流施工期间，G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路汪家埠枢纽杭州方向主线封闭。S43杭州绕城西复线汪家埠枢纽双向转G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路杭州方向匝道关闭。G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路九峰收费站入口关闭。青山湖、临安收费站往杭州方向入口视情关闭。四、杭瑞（杭徽）高速安徽方向余杭互通往汪家埠枢纽段单向断流施工期间，G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路余杭互通安徽方向主线封闭。G56杭瑞（杭徽）高速公路余杭收费站安徽方向入口关闭。杭州西收费站入口视情关闭。

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