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Historians Figure Out How Ancient Sailors Navigated Mediterranean By Building One of Their Ships_我的网站

一 |     What better way to figure out a mystery of the ancients than to try it out yourself? That’s what one sailing aficionado from Israel did when confronted with a puzzle from the Christian Bible.,David Gal, a doctoral student in the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, says he has figured out why the Christian Apostle Paul sailed from Judea to Rome along the southern coast of Anatolia in 60 CE - a route that, to him, wasn’t the most obvious one, since most winds in the Mediterranean are westerlies and Paul was going west.,That year, Paul was sent to the imperial capital to answer to Jewish authorities for preaching the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who claimed to have been the Jewish messiah. Most Jews did not accept Jesus’ teachings, and he was tried and executed by crucifixion for blasphemy and subversion in either 30 or 33 CE.,Paul’s journey is recounted in unusual detail in the New Testament book of Acts. The preacher zigzagged his way across the sea, swinging north of Cyprus before heading to the city of Myra (modern Demre) in southern Anatolia. From there, he went west past Rhodes, to Knidos, then south to the southern coast of Crete and west across the southernmost parts of the Ionian Sea. However, he was shipwrecked in Malta and his journey took much longer than anticipated.,“Until recently, we didn’t understand why the Alexandrian grain ship that Paul joined in southern Anatolia, bound for Rome, chose that particular route,” Gal told Haaretz.,The boat, Ma’agan Mikhael II, is a replica of a ship found in 1985 about 2 meters underneath the seabed off the coast of Kibbutz Ma’agan Mikhael in northern Israel, not far from Caesarea. In ancient times, the city was known as Caesarea Maritima or Caesarea Palestine, named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. The replica boat was finished in 2016 and is just one of two ships in the world that simulates a merchant sailing vessel from Before the Common Era (BCE).,By coincidence, Caesarea also happens to be the port from which Paul left on his trip to Rome.,In part, Gal’s study was based on computer modeling, which combined vast amounts of weather data and conducted 5,479 virtual sailing trips along 224 different possible routes from Caesarea to Rome, for a total of 1.2 million virtual sailing trips. However, that wasn’t enough: Gal also took a crew of 10 volunteer sailors out in the Ma’agan Mikhael II to explore the intangible human element of the journey. With just one sail, the ship moves along at a brisk 3.9 miles per hour.,“Only when we sailed on Ma’agan Mikhael II did we understand the real limitations of the ship and the sailors,” Gal told Haaretz. “We found that in many sections of the coast, the breeze doesn’t support this type of movement.”,“They didn’t sail counter to the prevailing wind, but waited for days with a favorable wind in the opposite direction,” Gal concluded. “We found there were such days in a large meteorological sampling. Until now, scholars didn’t examine that but used low-resolution meteorological averages that erase the variance in the wind.”,Gal said he has taken the ship out more than 80 times, sailing as far as Cyprus, and found that the daily wind patterns, in which breezes can blow westward from the Levantine coast, have remained strong after 3,000 years. By navigating those patterns, ancient sailors could have crept up the coast until they found more favorable winds.,“We have data about its performance in all wind conditions and how various currents affect it, and that enables us to conduct a reliable simulation of sailing. With its help, we acquired insights into the way such a ship is operated; we had a better understanding of how four people can sail from Greece to here and back,” he said.。    北京时间8月12日，据美记RamonaShelburne报道，多位消息人士向ESPN透露，洛杉矶湖人将出售给美国商人乔希・库什纳与鲍勃・艾格，交易价突破纪录，超过125亿美元。值得一提的是，沃尔特当初收购湖人时，价格被曝出为100亿，如今一年多时间，他便净赚25亿。         湖人记者沃伊克指出，库什纳目前持有热火队少数股权，因此他必须先行出售这支东部球队的股份，才能正式完成湖人队收购交易。这笔收购还需要得到NBA董事会的批准。         两位商人原本参与拉斯维加斯NBA扩军球队的竞标，但局势出现惊人转折：二人转而开出重磅报价，向马克・沃尔特收购湖人。沃尔特去年才从巴斯家族手中拿下湖人控股权。         马克・沃尔特是多元控股集团TWGGlobal的首席执行官兼董事长；自去年10月他的收购方案获NBA董事会全体一致批准后，便成为湖人多数股权持有者。         沃尔特及其TWGGlobal在多家职业体育俱乐部持有股份，包括洛杉矶道奇、洛杉矶火花、英超切尔西，以及职业女子冰球联赛相关资产。依托旗下TWGMotorsports赛车板块，沃尔特还手握多支赛车队伍，其中就包括凯迪拉克F1车队。         库什纳与艾格发布声明表示：“我们毕生热爱 NBA，能够有机会执掌洛杉矶湖人队，深感荣幸。湖人是全球最具标志性的体育球队之一。我们对前老板杰里・巴斯以及球队管理人珍妮・巴斯的远见与经营理念抱有极大敬意。

二 | 我们将长期立足现有根基，全力冲击顶级赛场，用心守护这支伟大球队、广大球迷以及洛杉矶这座城市。

三 | ”          沃尔特同样向 ESPN 发表声明，内容如下：“拥有洛杉矶湖人队，是我人生莫大的荣幸。这固然是一笔重大投资，但最让我铭记于心的，是社区、球迷，以及这座将球队视作家人的城市。感谢珍妮・巴斯、巴斯家族、全体球员与工作人员接纳我参与这段历程。

四 | 湖人属于洛杉矶，我坚信球队最好的时代还在前方。”          结合交易发生的时间点来看，这一消息十分出人意料。沃尔特同时也是美国职业棒球大联盟洛杉矶道奇队的控股股东。

五 | 自接管湖人以来，他投入大量精力完善球队配套体系、扩充管理层团队。         更多内情仍有待披露，但有一点值得关注：据《洛杉矶时报》记者劳伦斯・达米恩托上周报道，沃尔特的财务状况正受到联邦执法机构调查。消息称，执法部门正在调查沃尔特旗下保险公司向与其存在关联的企业发放的210亿美元未公开贷款。         值得一提的是，库什纳是特朗普女婿的弟弟。他创办了风投公司兴盛资本（Thrive Capital），这家机构投资过Instagram、Stripe、OpenAI等众多科技初创企业。而艾格曾两度担任华特迪士尼公司首席执行官（2005–2020年、2022–2026年），目前担任兴盛资本顾问。         《福布斯》估算库什纳净资产为52亿美元。

六 | 该杂志暂无艾格最新身家数据，其在2019年估算艾格净资产约6.9亿美元。目前尚不清楚交易完成后两人将持有湖人多少股份。

七 | 沃尔特取得球队控股权前，自身持有27%股份，巴斯家族持股约66%。巴斯家族目前依旧持有球队至少15%股份，珍妮・巴斯暂时可以继续担任球队管理人。         【关注我！了解最新最靠谱的篮球资讯动态】。

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